Linux 是一款开源操作系统，广泛应用于服务器、嵌入式设备以及个人电脑。其版本号通常以“Linux kernel version”形式呈现，例如“5.15.0-1017.el7.x86_64”。Linux 的版本管理非常严谨，不同发行版（如 Ubuntu、CentOS、Debian）可能使用不同的版本号，但核心内核版本是衡量系统稳定性、兼容性与性能的重要指标。
也是因为这些，了解并正确查看 Linux 版本信息对于系统管理员、开发者和普通用户都具有重要意义。本文将从命令行工具、系统配置文件、系统服务、日志文件等多个维度，详细阐述如何在不同 Linux 系统中查看 Linux 版本信息。 一、命令行工具查看 Linux 版本
1.1使用 `lsb_release` 命令 `lsb_release` 是 Linux 系统中用于查看系统信息的命令，可以显示操作系统版本、发行版名称和内核版本。该命令适用于大多数 Linux 发行版，包括 Ubuntu、CentOS、Debian 等。 命令示例： ```bash lsb_release -a ``` 输出示例： ``` LSB Version: :core-2.1-11.11.1 Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description: Ubuntu 22.0
4.2LTS Release: 22.04 Codename: jammy ``` 该命令可以快速获取系统的发行版名称和内核版本，适用于快速判断系统是否为 Ubuntu 或其他发行版。
1.2使用 `cat /etc/os-release` 查看系统信息 `/etc/os-release` 是 Linux 系统中存储操作系统信息的配置文件，包含多个变量，如 `VERSION_ID`、`VERSION_CODENAME`、`KERNEL_VERSION` 等。 命令示例： ```bash cat /etc/os-release ``` 输出示例： ``` NAME="Ubuntu" VERSION_ID="22.04" VERSION_CODENAME=jammy PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 22.0
4.2LTS" ``` 该文件提供了系统的详细信息，包括发行版名称、版本号、构建码名和内核版本。对于系统管理员来说呢，该文件是了解系统配置的重要参考。
1.3使用 `uname` 命令查看内核版本 `uname` 命令可以显示系统内核版本信息，包括 `Linux`、`release`、`version`、`machine` 等字段。 命令示例： ```bash uname -r ``` 输出示例： ``` 5.15.0-1017.el7.x86_64 ``` 该命令可以快速获取系统内核版本，适用于判断系统是否为 Red Hat、CentOS、Ubuntu 等发行版。
1.4使用 `cat /proc/version` 查看系统版本 `/proc/version` 是一个虚拟文件系统，包含系统版本信息，包括内核版本、系统名称和发行版信息。 命令示例： ```bash cat /proc/version ``` 输出示例： ``` Linux version 5.15.0-1017.el7.x86_64 (buildmaster@kernel.org) (gcc 9.4.0) (cc 9.4.0) 1 SMP Wed Apr 14 15:47:09 UTC 2023 ``` 该命令适用于查看系统内核版本和系统信息，适用于所有 Linux 系统。 二、系统配置文件查看 Linux 版本
2.1`/etc/redhat-release` 文件 该文件是 Red Hat 系列 Linux 系统中用于存储发行版信息的配置文件，包含发行版名称和版本号。 文件示例： ``` Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 8.4 (Ootpa) ``` 该文件适用于 Red Hat 系列系统，是查看发行版信息的重要来源。
2.2`/etc/issue` 文件 `/etc/issue` 文件存储了系统的简要信息，包括发行版名称、版本号和内核版本。 文件示例： ``` Release 8.4 ``` 该文件适用于大多数 Linux 系统，是查看系统版本信息的简单方法。 三、系统服务查看 Linux 版本
1.1使用 `dmi` 命令查看硬件信息 `dmi` 命令用于查看系统硬件信息，包括制造商、型号、版本等。适用于服务器和工作站系统。 命令示例： ```bash dmi -v ``` 输出示例： ``` DMI: Manufacturer: IBM DMI: Product Name: XPS 13 DMI: Version: 1.0 ``` 该命令适用于查看系统硬件信息，包括版本号。
3.2使用 `dmidecode` 命令查看详细硬件信息 `dmidecode` 是一个用于查看系统硬件信息的命令行工具，适用于较新的 Linux 发行版。 命令示例： ```bash dmidecode -t system ``` 输出示例： ``` System Information: System Name: IBM XPS 13 System Type: PC (x86_64, 64-bit) System Manufacturer: IBM System Vendor: IBM System Version: 1.0 ``` 该命令适用于查看系统硬件信息，包括版本号和制造商。 四、日志文件查看 Linux 版本
4.1查看 `/var/log/messages` 文件 `/var/log/messages` 是系统日志文件，记录了系统运行时的各种信息，包括版本信息。 命令示例： ```bash cat /var/log/messages | grep "kernel" ``` 输出示例： ``` [Wed Apr 14 15:47:09 UTC 2023] kernel: Linux version 5.15.0-1017.el7.x86_64 (buildmaster@kernel.org) (gcc 9.4.0) (cc 9.4.0) 1 SMP Wed Apr 14 15:47:09 UTC 2023 ``` 该命令可以查看系统内核版本信息，适用于系统日志分析。
4.2查看 `/var/log/audit/audit.log` 文件 `/var/log/audit/audit.log` 是审计日志文件，记录了系统安全事件，包括版本信息。 命令示例： ```bash cat /var/log/audit/audit.log | grep "kernel" ``` 输出示例： ``` [Wed Apr 14 15:47:09 UTC 2023] kernel: Linux version 5.15.0-1017.el7.x86_64 (buildmaster@kernel.org) (gcc 9.4.0) (cc 9.4.0) 1 SMP Wed Apr 14 15:47:09 UTC 2023 ``` 该命令适用于查看系统内核版本信息，适用于安全审计。 五、系统服务查看 Linux 版本
5.1使用 `init` 命令查看系统运行状态 `init` 命令用于启动、停止和管理系统服务，包括查看系统版本信息。 命令示例： ```bash init 6 ``` 输出示例： ``` /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: /etc/init.d/: 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