linux怎样查看端口-linux查端口

在现代IT系统中，端口管理是网络通信和系统服务的重要组成部分。Linux系统作为开源操作系统，提供了丰富的工具和命令来监控和管理端口状态。掌握如何查看Linux系统中开放的端口，对于网络管理员、开发人员和系统运维人员来说至关重要。本文将详细介绍Linux中查看端口的多种方法，包括使用`netstat`、`ss`、`lsof`、`nmap`等工具，结合实际应用场景，帮助读者全面了解如何在Linux环境中进行端口查看操作。端口查看 是系统管理和网络调试的核心技能之一，本文将从命令行工具、系统服务、防火墙配置等多个维度展开讲解，确保读者能够灵活运用这些方法解决实际问题。
一、Linux中查看端口的常用工具
1.使用`netstat`命令 `netstat` 是一个用于显示网络连接、路由表、接口统计等信息的命令行工具。它是最基础的端口查看工具之一。 命令格式： ```bash netstat -tuln ``` 说明： - `-t`：显示TCP连接 - `-u`：显示UDP连接 - `-l`：只显示监听中的端口 - `-n`：不转换为主机名和端口名 示例输出： ``` Active Internet connections (server) Proto Local Address Foreign Address State PID TCP 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 1000 TCP 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 1234 ``` 适用场景： 适用于快速查看系统中监听中的端口，尤其在调试网络服务时非常有用。
2.使用`ss`命令 `ss`（Socket Statistics）是`netstat`的现代替代工具，性能更高，支持更多选项。 命令格式： ```bash ss -tuln ``` 说明： - `-t`：显示TCP连接 - `-u`：显示UDP连接 - `-l`：显示监听中的端口 - `-n`：不转换为主机名和端口名 示例输出： ``` Active IPv4 sockets Family: IPv4 Socket type: TCP (Reusable) Port: 22 (LISTENING) Protocol: TCP State: LISTENING PID: 1000 ``` 适用场景： `ss` 是更高效、更现代的端口查看工具，适合在大规模系统中使用。
3.使用`lsof`命令 `lsof`（List Open Files）是一个用于查看打开文件和网络连接的工具，常用于排查网络问题。 命令格式： ```bash lsof -i -P -n ``` 说明： - `-i`：显示网络连接 - `-P`：不显示主机名和端口名 - `-n`：不转换为主机名和端口名 示例输出： ``` COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME sshd 1000 root 6u UDP 0xac50000000000000 0t0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 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